Comments on Ebonics

The following are email messages that I collected during the "Ebonics" controversy in spring 1997 from internet discussion lists for linguists, especially the American Dialect Society list and a list for linguistic anthropologists. Some are copied from mass media and other sources. Most represent the informed opinions of linguists about the variety of English known to them as African American Vernacular English, or Black Vernacular English, and its place in the schools and in society.

Official Positions

Oakland school board policy - amended
Oakland school board original policy - full text
Synopsis, Clarification, and Statistics from Oakland
Interview with the Woman who Started the Controversy
Linguistic Society of America resolution

Linguists' Websites on the Ebonics Controversy

Center for Multilingual Multicultural Research
Professor John Baugh's Website
Professor John Rickford's Website
More Websites from Susan Ervi-Tripp
Background information on the controversy

General Information about African American Vernacular English

Center for Applied Linguistics Resources on AAVE
Features of AAVE and references from Jack Sidnell
Hal Schiffman's AAVE Bibliography Page
Some References on AAVE and Education from John Clark
Ebonics is a language;  Educational Program in Dekalb County, GA
Dialect vs Language
What is a Dialect?

Linguists and Educators Speak Out

**Excellent Statement from Researchers of Child Language**
Money for the Schools by Mark Allen Peterson
Arguments in favor of using Ebonics in schools by Mike Agar
"Bad" language editorial by Professor of Linguistics Leanne Hinton
Letter to the editor from an anthropologist, Ronald Kephart
Oakland's errors and society's errors by former Berkeley Dean of Education
Linguist Dennis Baron's column: Hooked on Ebonics
Can Reading Failure Be Reversed? Info and link to Labov Website
Can Reading Failure be Reversed, part 2, another summary
Miscommunication: Fillmore's "A Linguist Looks at the Ebonics Debate"
Discussion on Power and Language
The Responsibility of Linguists to battle Discrimination, excerpt from Johanna Rubba
Linguist List Discussion on the Role of Linguists
What Teachers Should Know
the following posts incorporate edited versions of statements above, with new material added
Society for Linguistic Anthropology Newsletter, part 1
Society for Linguistic Anthropology Newsletter, part 2, including bibliography


Parody and Ridicule

Late Show Top Ten and L'il Abneronics
Jokes using -bonics as a suffix
Ebonics meets Elizabethan in Arkansas editorial sent by Mike Picone
Beverly Flanigan on Racist Columnists
AAVE vs. Broadcast English translation mp3 file, "Boo Got Shot"
White Fears and Humor

Comparison with other Language Varieties

Salikoko Mufwene on AAVE and Other Nonstandard Varieties
Shared Features with Other Dialects (Fasold/Patrick)
On talking white and prejudice against Appalachian English speakers
Cajun French analogy
Argument: Does Oakland's policy favor one dialect over another?
African American Formal English, thoughts from linguist Leila Monaghan


Quotes from The Real Ebonics Debate

Ed. by Theresa Perry and Lisa Delpit, Beacon Press, 1998

I will submit that one of the reasons [Ebonics] is a problem, if you will - a controversy - is that you cannot divorce language from its speakers. And if you have a people who have been disenfranchised, are neglected, are rejected, it is very difficult for the society at large to elevate their language. And, thus, when you start to try to make a case with legitimizing Ebonics - a way of communicating by some, although not all African-Americans speak it - you, in effect, are talking aobut legitimizing a group of people. You are talking about bringing them to a status comparable to society at large. And that always a difficult proposition. So, in a certain sense, we cannot talk about Ebonics separate and distinct from the state of African-American people in the United States as a neglected and as an underclass, marginalized, if you will, people. Orlando Taylor

The brutal truth is that the bulk of the white people in America never had any interest in educating Black people, except as this could serve white purposes. It is not the Black child's language that is in question, it is not his language that is despised: It is his experience. A child cannot be taught by anyone who despises him, and a child cannot afford to be fooled. A child cannot be taught by anyone whose demand, essentially, is that the child repudiate his experience, and all that gives him sustenance, and enter a limbo in which he will no longer be Black, and in which he knows that he can never become white. Black people have lost too many Black children that way. James Baldwin

If the truth be told, in the workplace, many of us fine upstanding mainstream professionals who speak Standard English well and who have spent years negotiating the terrain of a white middle-class norm speak Black English to maintain a sense of sanity, a sense of humor, and a sense of self. Beverly Jean Smith

 


Date last modified July 4, 2007

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